Can I produce one consensus sequence for each strand of a molecule?

Yes, please use --by-strand. Make sure that you have sufficient coverage, as --min-passes are per strand in this case. For each strand, ccs generates one consensus read that has to pass all filters. Read name suffix indicates strand. Example:

m64011_190714_120746/14/ccs/rev
m64011_190714_120746/35/ccs/fwd

How does --by-strand work? For each ZMW:

  • Determine orientation of reads with respect to the one closest to the median length
  • Sort reads into two buckets, forward and reverse strands
  • Treat each strand as an individual entity as we do with ZMWs
    • Apply all filters per strand individually
    • Create a draft for each strand
    • Polish each strand
    • Write out each polished strand consensus

Summary logs

At the end of each execution, ccs reports a summary for --log-level INFO. This summary contains combined and individual metrics for double- and single-strand reads. Using --by-strand, only single-strand reads are reported.

-------------------------------------------------
Summary stats abbreviations:
ZMW         - A productive Zero-Mode Waveguide
DS          - Double Strand
SS          - Single Strand
DS-ZMW      - All subreads were used from a single ZMW
SS-ZMW      - ZMW is split into fwd and rev strands,
              each strand is polished individually
DS-Read     - CCS read of a DS-ZMW
SS-Read     - CCS read of one strand of a SS-ZMW
HiFi        - CCS reads with predicted accuracy >=Q20
UMY         - Unique Molecular Yield of all reads passing filters
HiFi Yield  - UMY of >=Q20 DS- and SS-ZMWs, longest read per ZMW
-------------------------------------------------
ZMWs Input    : 5390
ZMWs Written  : 1061
 - DS / SS    : 0 / 1061
UMY           : 18.8 MBases (2.2 GBases/hr)
 - DS / SS    : 0 Bases / 18.8 MBases
HiFi Yield    : 33.7 MBases (3.9 GBases/hr)
 - DS / SS    : 0 Bases / 33.7 MBases
HiFi Reads    : 1909
 - DS / SS    : 0 / 1909
HiFi Avg Size : 17.7 KBases
HiFi Avg QV   : 23.0

By-strand ccs_reports.txt

Typical content of the by-strand ccs_reports.txt file. Contrary to the default output, this file does not report numbers in ZMWs, but single-strand reads. Accounting in single-strand ZMWs is not possible, as one strand might fail and the other succeed.

                           Single-Strand Reads
Inputs                   :       9313 (86.38%)

Passed                   :       1909 (20.50%)
Failed                   :       7404 (79.50%)

Tandem repeats           :         69 (0.932%)

Exclusive failed counts
Below SNR threshold      :        101 (1.364%)
Median length filter     :          0 (0.000%)
Shortcut filters         :          0 (0.000%)
Lacking full passes      :       4888 (66.02%)
Coverage drops           :          6 (0.081%)
Insufficient draft cov   :         30 (0.405%)
Draft too different      :          0 (0.000%)
Draft generation error   :         39 (0.527%)
Draft above --max-length :          0 (0.000%)
Draft below --min-length :          0 (0.000%)
Reads failed polishing   :          0 (0.000%)
Empty coverage windows   :          1 (0.014%)
CCS did not converge     :          0 (0.000%)
CCS below minimum RQ     :       2339 (31.59%)
Unknown error            :          0 (0.000%)

Can I call single-strand kinetics?

Yes! Check out kinetics FAQ


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